What are the Functions of Operating System ? | What is Operating System ?
What is operating system ?
An operating system is called os in short form. An operating system is system software that creates an interface between the user and the computer.
The operating system is also called a computer program.
There are two types of operating systems Character User Interface (CUI) and Graphic User Interface (GUI).
Explanation of Operating System
If you have not understood the definition, then it does not matter, we understand that what is an operating system?
As I have mentioned that an operating system is system software and a computer program.
Computer program and system software mean that it understands any instruction given by the user to the computer and the computer performs its work by following the instructions given by the user.
This means operating system means there is a program between the user and the computer that understands the user's instruction to the computer and the computer understands the instruction to the user.
All the software you would use in your computer, you can use that software only because of the operating system.
This means an operating system is a big software in which there is much small software. I hope that all of you must have understood about the operating system.
Let us see what is the function of the operating system?
Functions of Operating System
Memory Management
Memory management is a function of operating systems. Memory Management manages the primary memory.
Memory Management tracks all the memory locations. Meaning that memory management is a process through which memory is controlled and coordinated.
Memory management also decides which process will be given memory at what time.
Process Management
Process management is also a function of the operating system. Before understanding process management, you should know what is the process?
When a program is executed, that process is called a process. For any process to be completed, it needs computer resources.
Process management is the process of managing various processes by the operating system, creating new processes under process management, scheduling them, terminating the execution of a process, and if for any reason the process's execution is delayed.
There are various tasks involved such as finding the cause and restarting them if they have already stopped.
File Management
Before knowing about file management, we should know what is a file, so let's know what is a file?
A file is a collection of a lot of data that is stored in a single unit in memory. And it is identified by the name of a file in memory.
The data contained inside the file can be anything such as audio, video, text, application, photos, etc.
File management is a function of operating systems that decides how to manage computer memory, such as creating, updating, deleting new files in computer memory, etc.
Meaning that file management decides how the files should be stored in the computer memory, the user should be removed so that it can be used properly.
Input/Output Management
Input/output management is also an important function of the operating system, it manages all the input/output tasks of the computer system.
As we input some data from the keyboard, then there is work to manage it, apart from this, the mouse, network connection, on/off, printer, audio, etc. performs the input/output process.
Security Management
Security Management is also a function of the operating system which manages the security of our computer system.
Meaning that whenever you turn on your computer device, it asks you for a security password and by giving the password you have set, you can go inside your computer system and do any work.
Meaning that your operating system prevents your system from Unauthenticated Access. This is security management.
Device Management
Device management is also a function of the operating system.
You must know that there are drivers in the computer such as, Bluetooth driver, graphic driver, sound driver but it helps to run different I/O devices, but these drivers run the operating system, this is what we call device management.
Resource Management
Resource management is also a function of the operating system. This is an important process used in the operating system.
Resource management is specifically assigned to system resources such as CPU, Random Access Memory, Secondary Storage Device, etc. to processes, threads, and applications.
It generally maintains high quality, quality of service, fairness, and balance between all processes.
Types of Operating Systems ?
Batch Operating System
Batch operating system is the first operating system to be used in the second generation.
As we know from its name that this is a batch of jobs. Meaning that we are making a batch of similar kind of job and will keep giving it to the computer so that the computer can execute it, this is the batch operating system.
In a batch operating system, the work is done in such a way that the user used to loads his job on the offline punch card and gives it to the operator.
The operator gives one batch of a similar kind of job. Now you have to go to the operator again to get your result and take your result and put it in your lab or your punch card.
Let us understand how the batch operating system works by looking at the photo,
Time - Sharing Operating System
In time-sharing operating systems, more than one user manages to run the same computer effectively, it is called a time-sharing operating system.
A time-sharing operating system distributes time to more than one user, hence it is called a time-sharing operating system.
Meaning that whatever task is done in it can either be done by a single user or it can also be done by a multi-user. The amount of time it takes to complete each task is called quantum.
At the same time, only after completing each task, the OS again starts the next task. It is also called a multitasking operating system.
Distributed Operating System
The distributed operating system performs many tasks in a single system. As many computer devices are connected to a printer and if something is to be printed.
Then everyone prints in the printer from their computer itself, but the printer is the same, the instruction given of all the computers will be printed in one printer itself.
It is called Distributed Operating System. If we talk about another example, the connection of many computers in the same network is also a distributed operating system.
Network Operating System
A network operating system is a computer operating system that connects many autonomous computers to their networks and makes them communicate.
The main function of this type of operating system is to manage the work related to the activities of data, resources, security, and traffic to its clients.
With a network operating system, we can also communicate with hardware like we use printers.
To print something in the printer, we give some instruction to our computer and with the help of computer network operating system communicates with the printer and prints our given instruction.
There are two basic types of network operating systems,
1- peer-to-peer NOS
2- client/server NOS
Real - Time Operating System
A real-time operating system as its name suggests that it performs the task in real-time.
Like railway ticket booking, the real-time operating system is also used in this. This is an advanced operating system.
There are two types of real-time operating systems,
1- Hard Real-Time Operating System
2- Soft real-time operating system
Multiprocessing Operating System
If we understand multiprocessing in simple language, then there are two or more CPUs in our computer system to do one or more tasks at a time and perform those tasks at the same time, this is called multiprocessing.
Multi-Processing systems are designed keeping in mind the Multi-Processor Systems.
Multitasking Operating System
The multitasking operating system is also called multi processing operating system. Because multitasking performs many tasks at a time even in the operating system.
In this, a system has many tasks at a time, and to do this the operating system uses time scheduling.
All this processing happens so fast that the user does not know that only one processor is executing at a time.
Example: If you are doing some search on Google on one document in your computer and you are listening to any music in another document then your computer is performing a multitasking task.
Multiprogramming Operating System
Executing multiple programs at a time in a multiprogramming operating system is called a multiprogramming operating system.
In this, when a program is executing in the CPU, the other computer is doing VAT in the primary memory and when the second program is executing then the rest of the programs are doing VAT in the primary memory ie RAM.
But all this work happens so fast that the user does not know that only one program is being executed at a time.
The user is thinking that all the programs are executed at one time but in reality only one program at a time. The program is executed.
Structure of Operating System
There are four types of operating system structure,
1. Simple Structure
Such operating systems started as small, simple, and limited systems and then expanded beyond their original scope.
MS-DOS is an example of such an operating system. It was originally designed and implemented by some people who had no idea it would become so popular.
2. Layered Approach Structure
A layered approach is a method of structure operating system by which divides the operating system into different surfaces and develops it.
Each surface is built on top of the bottom surface. The bottom surface is of the hardware and the topmost surface is of the user interface.
3. MicroKernel Approach Structure
In the kernel structure approach, the operating system is designed and developed by dividing it into two different parts.
Meaning that the operating system built-in kernel approach is made in two different parts.
Out of these two parts, one part is called kernel and the other part is the system program. The kernel interfaces the hardware system to the operating system.
4- Modular Design Structure
The modular design structure is such an approach of the operating system that divides the system into small parts, which we call modules.
It is created independently and after creating it is used in different systems.
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